Fig 2: Proposed model for regulation of NSCLC tumor growth through the CCAT1/miR-218/BMI-1 signaling pathway. NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; BMI-1, B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog.

Fig 3: miR-15a/16 expression is altered in chemically induced DNA damage and it suppresses the BMI1 expression by targeting 3′UTR. Heat map showing the endogenous expression of miRNAs. The Green colour in the heat map indicates decreased and red colour indicates increased mRNA expression level. U6 was used as endogenous control (A). Predicted miRNA sequences and their recognition sites within 3′UTR of BMI1 (B) Renilla luciferase reporter assay showing the reporter expression in MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 cells co-transfected with wild-type 3′UTR of BMI1and mutant 3′UTR of BMI1 along with miR-15a, miR-16. Scramble miRNA vector used as a control. Renilla luciferase activity was normalized to firefly luciferase. n = 3, Students t-test was used to generate P values, *, ** and*** indicates P value summary (C,D). Western blot and RT-PCR data showing the expression of BMI1 upon overexpressed miR-15a, miR-16 and both. Blots were cropped to enhance the representation (E).

Fig 4: miR-3928 inhibits the expression of various oncogenes. (a) GBM cell lines A172 and U87 were transfected with either miR-3928 or miRNA scrambled control. Cells were lysed and subjected to immunoblotting for oncogenic proteins predicted to be targeted by miR-3928. Immunoblot band intensities were quantified and averaged. (b) GSCs were transfected with miR-3928 or scrambled controls and subjected to immunoblotting for CD44 and BMI1. (c) GSCs were transfected with miR-3928 or scrambled controls and CD44 and BMI1 mRNA levels were measured with qRT-PCR normalized to 18sr in the same cells. * = p < 0.05.

Fig 5: IHC analysis of BMI1 expression in human OSA.Representative images of BMI1 expression and corresponding H&E staining in human OSA tissue microarray samples corresponding to cases 4, 17, and 26 from Table 2. Similar to canine tissues, BMI1 staining of human OSA tissues was intense and localized to the nucleus.