Fig 1: Preterm birth impacts the expression of GABA-related transcripts (dark purple) and proteins (light purple) in female infants. (A–E) Developmental regulation in term infants included in the cross sectional study, modeled with a non-linear regression *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (A’–E’) Effect of preterm birth on the expression of GABA-related transcripts and proteins (comparative study). Quantification of mRNA level changes by qRT-PCR of (A,A’) gabra3, (B,B’) gabrd, (C,C’) glul, (D,D’) got2, and (E,E’) gphn. tfrc was used for normalization. Quantification of protein expression changes by Western blot of (A,A’) GABRA1-6, (B,B’) GABRD, (C,C’) GS, (D,D’) AATM, and (E,E’) GEPHN. GAPDH was used for normalization. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (Mann–Whitney). Representative blot below the graph. PT, preterm; T, term.