Fig 1: Effects of kaempferol on oxidative damage and apoptosis of NPCs were exposed to IL-1β stimulation (10 ​ng/ml, 24 ​h), treated with 10 ​μM kaempferol, and examined for ROS and apoptosis with flow cytometry assay and Immunoblotting (A) ROS level in cells (B–C) The mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, SOD1 and SOD2 were examined (D) The apoptosis rate of NPCs was determined by the FITC-Anexin-V/PI apoptosis assay kit. The cells with Annexin-V positive/PI negative and Annexin-V positive/PI positive were considered apoptotic cells (E) The mRNA levels of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 were examined (F) The protein levels of Cleaved-caspase 3, Caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were examined. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. N ​= ​3, ∗∗p ​< ​0.01, compared to PBS group; #p ​< ​0.05, ##p ​< ​0.01, compared with IL-1β group.