Fig 1: Bacteroides plebeius inhibits myostatin‐mediated insulin resistance‐related pathways in the muscles of CKD rats. (A–E) mRNA levels of MSTN, SMAD2, ACVR2B, MAFBx, and MuRF‐1 determined by qPCR. (F, G) Western blot analysis of MSTN, SMAD2, ACVR2B, MAFBx, and MuRF‐1 protein levels in the gastrocnemius muscle. (H, I) ImageJ analysis of the MSTN, SMAD2, ACVR2B, MAFBx, and MuRF‐1 protein expression levels in the gastrocnemius muscle. All the data are expressed as the means ± SEMs (n = 5 in each group). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus the control group, and # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 versus the 5/6 Nx model.