Fig 1: The immunohistochemistry staining of GBE1 in LUAD tissue samples and corresponding noncancer tissue samples. GBE1 protein levels were upregulated in most LUAD tissues compared with the corresponding noncancer tissues in the TMA‐IHC results. The representative TMA‐IHC images of different staining intensities of GBE1 were as follows (A–H). (A) Strong intensity of GBE1 in LUAD tissue. (B) Moderate intensity of GBE1 in LUAD tissue. (C) Weak intensity of GBE1 in LUAD tissue. (D) Negative intensity of GBE1 in LUAD tissue. (E) Strong intensity of GBE1 in corresponding noncancer tissue. (F) Moderate intensity of GBE1 in tissue. (G) Weak intensity of GBE1 in corresponding noncancer tissue. (H) Negative intensity of GBE1 in corresponding noncancer tissue.
Fig 2: TThe correlation analysis between GBE1 expression and different clinical characteristics in LUAD via TCGA cohort. (A) The correlation analysis between GBE1 expression and T stage. (B) The correlation analysis between GBE1 expression and N stage. (C) The correlation analysis between GBE1 expression and M stage. (D) The correlation analysis between GBE1 expression and TNM stage. (E) The correlation analysis between GBE1 expression and gender. (F) The correlation analysis between GBE1 expression and age.
Fig 3: The correlation analysis between GBE1 and gene markers of tumor-associated immune cells in the TIMER database. (A–C) Gene markers of M1 macrophage; (D–F) gene markers of M2 macrophage; (G) gene marker of CD4+ T cell; (H–I) gene markers of CD8+ T cell; (J–K) gene markers of dendritic cell.
Fig 4: The relationship between GBE1 expression and M2 macrophage infiltrations in LUAD. (A, B) The correlations between GBE1 expression and CD163+ tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in TCGA and TMA cohorts (r 2 = 0.04, p < 0.01; r 2 = 0.09, p < 0.01). (C) The correlation between GBE1 expression and CD163 expression in TCGA cohort (p < 0.01). (D) The correlation between GBE1 expression and CD163 expression in the TMA cohort (p = 0.02).
Fig 5: The relationship between GBE1 expression and prognosis in LUAD analyzed by PrognoScan database (A–D). (A) In the HARVARD-LC cohort, high expression of GBE1 predicted a poor OS in LUAD (HR = 1.80, p = 0.035). (B) In the jacob-00182-UM cohort, high expression of GBE1 predicted a poor OS in LUAD (HR = 1.54, p = 0.046). (C) In the GSE31210 cohort, high expression of GBE1 predicted a poor OS in LUAD (HR = 3.44, p = 0.005). (D) In the GSE31210 cohort, high expression of GBE1 predicted a poor RFS in LUAD (HR = 2.56, p = 0.006). OS, overall survival; RFS, recurrence-free survival.
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