Fig 1: GA-BP to screen for candidate genes. (A) Predictive accuracy of each round of modeling of BP and GA-BP for diagnosis of PC. (B) Time cost for each round of modeling of BP and GA-BP. (C–D) Four candidate genes (LCN2, SLC6A14, SPOCK1, and VCAN) were obtained for diagnosis of PC. (E) Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) revealed that the Area Under Curve (AUC) of the model was 0.9565. (F) Cross-validation for 10 times to test the sensitivity and specificity of the model.
Fig 2: Tumor-specific markers in different types of pRCC. (A) Violin plots showing tumor-specific markers expressed in type 2 pRCC. (B–D) IHC-P verification of tumor-specific markers (SPOCK1, PTGIS and NDUFA4L2) in type 2 pRCC ( Table S10 ). Scale bars, 20 µm (left) and 50 µm (right). (E) IHC-P verification of tumor-specific marker (NDUFA4L2) in ccRCC. Scale bars, 20 µm (left) and 50 µm (right).
Fig 3: Clinical significance of SPOCK1 in human prostate cancer (PCa). a Left panel: Representative immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for SPOCK1 in a prostate cancer tissue microarray (Biomax.US, PR1921a). Right panel: Comparison of IHC staining of SPOCK1 in normal prostate tissues and prostate cancer tissues using IHC scores. SPOCK1 expression was significantly higher in PCa tissues than in normal prostate tissues. Black boxes indicate the enlarged area. b Expression of SPOCK1 was assessed in prostate adenocarcinoma patients from GEO database (GSE40272). c SPOCK1 expression was significantly higher in PCa tissues compared to paired normal prostatic tissues from TCGA database. d Kaplan-Meier analysis of SPOCK1 gene expression in the GSE40272 human prostate cancer cohort (n = 89)
Fig 4: miR-155-5p inhibits SPOCK1 in RWPE-1 and prostate cancer cell lines. mRNA expression of (A) miR-155-5p and (B) SPOCK1 in RWPE-1 cells and prostate cancer cell lines. Regulation of (C) miR-155-5p and (D) SPOCK1 mRNA expression in PC3 cells using miR-155-5p mimic. (E) Western blot analysis showing decreased SPOCK1 protein expression following miR-155-5p mimic transfection. (F) Relative expression of SPOCK1 protein. **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. SPOCK1, testican-1; miR, microRNA.
Fig 5: Results of public databases and luciferase reporter assay. (A) A WT-SPOCK1 and MUT-SPOCK1 luciferase reporter gene vector containing a 7-bp mutation on the predicted miR-155-5p binding site was constructed according to TargetScan and miRBase. (B) A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm that SPOCK1 is a direct target of miR-155-5p. (C) Oncomine showed a higher expression of SPOCK1 in prostate carcinoma compared with that in corresponding non-tumor tissues. ***P<0.001. SPOCK1, testican-1; WT, wild-type; MUT, mutant; miR, microRNA.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Anti-SPOCK1 antibody