Fig 1: C16 in combination with Ang-1 treatment decreased the expression of phospho-DARPP-32, and increased the expression of pdyn and PPE.Western blot analysis showed no significant difference in the expression of DARPP-32 among the different groups (a, b). The expression of phospho-DARPP-32 in the vehicle-treated group was higher than that in normal controls (c, d). The combination of C16 and Ang-1 inhibited the upregulation of phospho-DARPP-32 in model animals. The downregulation of prodynorphin (pdyn, e, f) and the upregulation of preproenkephalin (PPE, g, h) in the model groups were remarkably reversed by treatment with C16, Ang-1, and C16 plus Ang-1. a p < 0.05 versus the normal control group; b p < 0.05 versus the vehicle group (c), p < 0.05 versus the C16-treated group (d), p < 0.05 versus the Ang-1-treated group. Darpp-32 protein: 34 kDa; pDarpp-32 protein: 34 kDa; Pdyn protein: 28 kDa; PPE protein: 30 kDa; ß-actin protein: 42 kDa; Abbreviations: DARPP, dopamine- and cAMP-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein; pdyn, prodynorphin; PPE, preproenkephalin; C16, peptide (KAFDITYVRLKF) that can selectively bind integrin a?ß3; Ang-1, angiopoietin-1.