Fig 1: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling is involved in FSH-induced glycophagy in D-gal-induced senescent GCs. (A) Electron micrograph of glycophagosomes (red arrows) in senescent GCs with FSH treatment. The box indicates the area enlarged on the lower right. Scale bars: 1 µm, 500 nm. (B) Isolated GCs in the control, D-gal, and D-gal + FSH groups were collected and then immunoprecipitated with STBD1 antibody. STBD1 and GABARAPL1 expression in cell lysates was examined using anti-STBD1 and anti- GABARAPL1 antibodies. (C) Western blot and quantitative analysis of AKT and GS3Kß phosphorylation in the control, D-gal, D-gal + FSH, and FSH alone groups. (D) Co-immunoprecipitation of STBD1 and GABARAPL1 in senescent GCs treated with FSH, FSH + PI3K inhibitor LY294002, or FSH + AKT inhibitor GSK690693. The expression levels of AKT and GS3Kß in cell lysates were also verified. Different lowercase letters present significant differences (p < 0.05).