Fig 1: 40 Hz vibrotactile stimulation preserves synaptic proteins and reduces DNA damage in SSp and MOp of CK-p25 mice. (A,B) Representative immunohistochemistry images showing GABBR1 antibody (green), vGlut1 antibody (red), and Hoechst labeling of cell nucleus (blue) in SSp (A) or MOp (B) of 6-month-old CK-p25 mice after 42 days of no stimulation or 40 Hz vibrotactile stimulation, 1 h/day. Scale bar, 50 µm. (C) GABBR1 mean intensity in SSp and MOp of 6-month-old CK-p25 mice after 42 days of no stimulation or 40 Hz vibrotactile stimulation, 1 h/day, normalized to the average of no stimulation controls (n = 6 mice per group). ***p < 0.001, ns, not significant; unpaired t-test. (D) Same as (C) for vGlut1 mean intensity, normalized to the average of no stimulation controls (n = 6 mice per group). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; unpaired t-test. (E,F) Representative immunohistochemistry images showing anti-?H2Ax antibody (red) and Hoechst labeling of cell nucleus (blue) in SSp (E) or MOp (F) of 6-month-old CK-p25 mice after 42 days of no stimulation or 40 Hz vibrotactile stimulation, 1 h/day. Scale bar, 50 µm. (G) ?H2Ax signal intensity in SSp and MOp of 6-month-old CK-p25 mice after 42 days of no stimulation or 40 Hz vibrotactile stimulation, 1 h/day, normalized to the average of no stimulation controls (n = 6 mice per group). **p < 0.01; unpaired t-test. (H) Same as (G) for the total surface volume of ?H2Ax signal, normalized to the average of no stimulation controls (n = 6 mice per group). *p < 0.05; unpaired t-test. (I) Same as (G) for the number of ?H2Ax-positive cells, normalized to the average of no stimulation controls (n = 6 mice per group). ns, not significant; unpaired t-test. Each circle represents an individual mouse, each bar represents the mean, and error bars represent SEM.