Fig 1: ATF3 expression of Hippocampus CA1 area increased in the CCI-induced memory impairment rat model. (A): Representative immunofluorescence image indicating ATF3 antibody staining of the hippocampus CA1 (A,B) from sham and CCI-induced hippocampus. DAPI (blue) was used for cell nucleus labeling. NeuN (red) was used for neuron labeling. Green was used for the ATF3 positive area. GFAP (red) was used for astrocyte labeling. (C): Summary of ATF3 positively stained neurons per observation area in the hippocampus from two groups. (D): Validation of ATF3 protein expression in the hippocampus via western blot. n = 4–6 rats/group, *p < 0.05 vs sham group. The student’s t test was used for comparisons.