Fig 1: CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and PD1 expression(A and C) CD4+ T cell counts (A) and (C) CD8+ T cell counts were measured by flow cytometry in the blood of VL (ToD: n = 21, EoT: n = 24, 3 months: n = 24, 6–12 months: n = 28) and VL/HIV patients (ToD: n = 27, EoT: n = 24, 3 months: n = 21, 6–12 months: n = 25).(B and D) Comparison of CD4+ T cell counts (B) and (D) CD8+ T cell counts in VL/HIV patients who did not relapse (n = 29) and those who relapsed (n = 17) during the 3- and 6- to 12-month follow-up periods.(E and G) CD4 PD1 iMFI (E) and (G) CD8 PD1 iMFI was measured by multiplying the percentage of CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells and the median fluorescence intensity of PD1 as measured by flow cytometry in the PBMCs of VL (ToD: n = 29, EoT: n = 29, 3 months: n = 24, 6–12 months: n = 34) and VL/HIV patients (ToD: n = 28, EoT: n = 32, 3 months: n = 26, 6–12 months: n = 32).(F and H) Comparison of CD4 PD1 iMFI (F) and (H) comparison of CD8 PD1 iMFI in the blood of VL/HIV patients who did not relapse (n = 33) and those who relapsed (n = 25) during the 3- and 6- to 12-month follow-up periods.(B, D, F, and H) If a patient did not relapse during the 2 time points of follow-up and if a patient relapsed at both 3 and 6–12 months, this is represented as 2 measurements.Each symbol represents the value for 1 individual; the straight lines represent the median. Statistical differences between VL and VL/HIV patients at each time point or between no relapse and relapse were determined using a Mann-Whitney test, and statistical differences between the 4 different time points for each cohort of patients were determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Fig 2: CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts(A) CD4+ T cell counts in the blood of patients with P VL/HIV (ToD: n = 11, EoT: n = 10; 3m: n = 8, 6-12m: n = 9) and R VL/HIV (ToD: n = 17, EoT: n = 14, 3m: n = 13, 6-12m: n = 16).(B) Comparison of CD4+ T cell counts in the blood of patients with P VL/HIV who did not relapse (n = 7) and those who did relapse (n = 1) and patients with R VL/HIV who did not relapse (n = 6) and those who did relapse (n = 7) 3m after successful anti-leishmanial treatment.(C) Comparison of CD4+ T cell counts in the blood of patients with P VL/HIV who did not relapse (n = 8) and those who did relapse (n = 1) and patients with R VL/HIV who did not relapse (n = 5) and those who did relapse (n = 11) during 6-12m after successful anti-leishmanial treatment.(D) CD8+ T cell counts in the blood of patients with P VL/HIV (ToD: n = 13, EoT: n = 12, 3m: n = 8, 6-12m: n = 6) and R VL/HIV (ToD: n = 11, EoT: n = 12, 3m: n = 13, 6-12m: n = 10) were measured by flow cytometry. If a patient did not relapse during the 2 time points of follow-up and if a patient relapsed at both 3, 6–12 months, this is represented as 2 measurements. Statistical differences between two groups were determined using a Mann-Whitney test; statistical differences between the 4 different time points for each cohort of patients were determined by Kruskal-Wallis test.ToD = Time of Diagnosis; EoT = End of Treatment; 3m = 3 months post EoT; 6-12m = 6–12 months post EoT. ns = not significant.
Fig 3: PD1 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells(A) CD4 PD1 iMFI and (D). CD8 PD1 iMFI was measured by multiplying the % of T cells and the median fluorescence intensity of PD1 as measured by flow cytometry in the PBMCs of P VL/HIV (ToD: n = 13, EoT: n = 15, 3m: n = 10, 6-12m: n = 11), R VL/HIV patients (ToD: n = 15, EoT: n = 17, 3m: n = 16, 6-12m: n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 10).(B) Comparison of CD4 PD1 iMFI in patients with P VL/HIV who did not relapse (n = 9) and those who did relapse (n = 1) and patients with R VL/HIV who did not relapse (n = 9) and those who did relapse (n = 7) 3m after successful anti-leishmanial treatment.(C) Comparison of CD4 PD1 iMFI in patients with P VL/HIV who did not relapse (n = 8) and those who did relapse (n = 3) and patients with R VL/HIV who did not relapse (n = 7) and those who did relapse (n = 14) 6-12m after successful anti-leishmanial treatment. If a patient did not relapse during the 2 time points of follow-up and if a patient relapsed at both 3, 6–12 months, this is represented as 2 measurements. Statistical differences between two groups were determined using a Mann-Whitney test; statistical differences between the 4 different time points for each cohort of patients were determined by Kruskal-Wallis test.ToD = Time of Diagnosis; EoT = End of Treatment; 3m = 3 months post EoT; 6-12m = 6–12 months post EoT. ns = not significant.
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