Fig 2: The control purine metabolism-related gene PPAT can affect HCCC-9810. (a) qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of PPAT. (b) qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of IMPDH1. (c) Colony formation assay was performed to test the cloning ability of HCCC-9810. (d) Apoptosis rate of HCCC-9810 was analyzed by flow cytometry. (e) Transwell was used to detect migration of HCCC-9810. (f) HCCC-9810 invasion was detected by transwell. (g) Western blot was used to detect epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) markers of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin. (h) The tumor stem cell markers CD133 and SOX2. *P < 0.05 compared with the si-NC group. Data among multiple groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test.

Fig 3: MMF inhibited the development of ICC in mice. (a) Tumor volume and weight statistics. (b and c) qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein levels of PPAT and IMPDH1 genes. (d) HE was used to measure tumor pathology in each group. (e) IHC was used to detect the positive rate of proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (caspase 3) genes in tissue. (f) IF was used to detect stem cell characteristics (CD133 and SOX2) markers in tissue. (g) IHC was used to measure the positive rate of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin in tissue. *P < 0.05 compared with the ICC group. The measurement data are expressed as mean ± SD. The unpaired t-test was used to analyze comparisons between two groups. n = 6.