Fig 1: Heterogeneous expressions and functions of dermal ECs along the arteriovenous axis. (A) Zonational expression of representative genes across dermal vascular bed. ECs are rearranged in an arteriovenous order. y axis represents counts. (B-E) Immunofluorescence of IGFBP3, RBP7, SELE, MT2A and CD31. Images of CD31+ ECs in the superficial, intermediate, and deep plexus are zoomed in. The image is representative of 11 biological replicates (limbs, n = 4; trunk, n = 4; foreskin, n = 3). The white dotted line marks the interface between epidermis and dermis. Scale bars represent 20 µm. (F) Single-cell trajectory of dermal EC subtypes by pseudotime analysis. The white line traces the trajectory. ECs in the left panel are colored by clusters, and white numbers in black circles mark the branch nodes of the pseudotime trajectory. ECs in the right panel plot are colored by pseudotime. Color scale: yellow, 'leaf' of the trajectory; purple, 'root' of the trajectory. (G) GO pathway enrichment analysis of the marker genes of dermal EC clusters. The color represents -log p value, and the size indicates the rich factor. Cluster A: arteriole ECs; Cluster C1, C2: capillary ECs; Cluster P: post-capillary ECs; Cluster V: venule ECs. ECs: vascular endothelial cells; GO: gene ontology; UMAP: uniform manifold approximation and projection.