Fig 2: Effect of surgery plus isoflurane anesthesia on 14-3-3ß/a, haptoglobin, S100A6, caseinolytic protease (ClpP), a-2 macroglobulin (A2M), and biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) mRNA expression in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and temporal lobe of aged rats. Real-time PCR was performed on tissues from the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and temporal lobe. (A) Surgical stress reduced 14-3-3ß/a, ClpP, and A2M mRNA abundance in the hippocampus. (B) Surgical stress did not alter the mRNA levels of the common dysregulated proteins in the prefrontal cortex. (C) Surgical stress decreased haptoglobin and S100A6 mRNA levels in the temporal lobe. Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5 in each group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with control rats.

Fig 3: The expression of six proteins was altered in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and temporal lobe of aged rats by surgery plus isoflurane according to quantitative proteomics analyses. (A) Surgery decreased 14-3-3ß/a and biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) levels and increased haptoglobin, caseinolytic protease (ClpP), and a-2 macroglobulin (A2M) levels in the hippocampus. (B) Surgery reduced 14-3-3ß/a and BVR-A levels and increased haptoglobin, S100A6, ClpP, and A2M levels in the prefrontal cortex. (C) Surgery decreased 14-3-3ß/a, S100A6, and BVR-A levels and increased haptoglobin, ClpP, and A2M levels in the temporal lobe. The results ae presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 9 per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 surgery vs. control group.