Fig 1: Baicalin suppresses TMAO synthesis in repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model mice. The plasma levels of (A) TMA and (B) TMAO in control, model, and baicalin-treated model group mice are shown. (C) The hepatic FMO3 expression and (D) hepatic flavin-containing monoxygeneases (FMO) activity in the control, model, and baicalin-treated model group mice are also shown. Note: *** denotes P<0.001 compared with the control mice using unpaired Student`s t-tests; ## denotes P<0.01 and ### denotes P<0.001 compared with the model mice using one-way ANOVA analysis followed by Dunnett`s post hoc test. All the values are expressed as means ± S.D. Each group had 15 mice (n=15).
Fig 2: Effects of L. plantarum supplementation on TMAO synthesis in APP/PS1 mice. The concentration of TMA (A), TMAO (B) in plasma, and FMO3 (C) in the liver. Liver FMO activity, assessed as described in Materials and Methods (D). ***P<0.001, versus the WT mice, by unpaired Student's t-tests. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001, versus the APP/PS1 mice, by one-way ANOVA analysis followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. All values are mean ± S.D. n=15. WT=wild type; Mem=memantine; LP=L. plantarum.
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