Fig 1: The effect of the two-week administration of asiatic acid (30 mg/kg/day for 14 days by oral gavage) on biomarkers in urothelium or in bladder detrusor muscle: (A) vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), (B) organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), (C) rat synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), (D) synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP-23), and (E) synaptosome associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) in animals that were administered with a single injection of cyclophosphamide (CYP, 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). All results are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 15 rats per group). The obtained data were assessed by the one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. * when significantly different from the control group. ^ when significantly different from the CYP group. **** or ^^^^ p < 0.0001. One-way ANOVA: for VAChT F(3.56) = 141, p < 0.0001, for OCT3 F(3.56) = 160, p < 0.0001, for SV2A F(3.56) = 95, p < 0.0001, for SNAP-23 F(3.56) = 116, p < 0.0001, and for SNAP-25 F(3.56) = 269, p < 0.0001. AA: asiatic acid; CON: control; CYP: cyclophosphamide.