Fig 1: HMGB1 levels in healthy individuals, in COVID-19 patients with mild or severe course (ARDS) and in ARDS patients without COVID-19.HMGB1 levels were evaluated in healthy individuals (n = 20), COVID-19 patients with a mild (n = 4) course and ARDS (n = 7) respectively, as well as ARDS patients without COVID-19 (n = 12). Data are shown as median±IQR. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with Dunn’s post-hoc test was performed. Abbreviation: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1 protein; IQR, interquartile range.
Fig 2: Modulation of mACE2 and HMGB1 levels after liquorice intake in healthy individuals.A, PBMC mACE2 levels before and 7 days after liquorice ingestion. B, Representative ACE2 Western blot (upper panel) of membraneous (mACE2) and cytosolic (cACE2) fractions from PBMCs from one healthy volunteer at baseline and after 7 days (7d-FU) of liquorice ingestion. The corresponding Ponceau Red strip showing total protein loading is presented below (lower panel). C, Plasma HMGB1 levels before as well as 3 and 7 days after liquorice ingestion. Wilcoxon test and Friedman analysis with Dunn’s post-hoc test were performed when comparing 2 groups and 3 groups respectively. Data are shown as median±IQR. Abbreviation: mACE2, membranous ACE2; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1 protein; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; IQR, interquartile range.
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