Fig 1: Hypoxia induces macrophage M1 phenotype and oxidative stress but lowers autophagy and APN/CPT1A signaling. THP-1 cells were differentiated into M0 macrophages by induction of PMA, followed by hypoxia induction. (a) The level of CD86 and iNOS was detected by immunofluorescence. (b) The LC3B-positive cells were determined using immunofluorescence and observed under a fluorescence microscope. (c) The protein expression of beclin-1, Atg5, and LC3B II/I was measured by western blot. (d) The level of HIF-1α and mTOR was detected by ELISA. (e) The level of lipid peroxides, such as 4-HNE, MDA, ox-LDL, and ROS, was measured using their commercial kits, respectively. (f) The protein expression of AdipoR1 and CPT1A was measured using western blot. ∗∗∗p < 0.001 vs. M0.
Supplier Page from CUSABIO Technology LLC for Human mammalian target of rapamyein,mTOR ELISA Kit