Fig 1: Effect of the 3× “combo” therapy on neurodegeneration markers, short- and long-term. (A,B) Tissue levels of glutamate in the rostral and caudal spinal cord segments respective to the lesion epicentrum at 8 DPL; (C) NEFL in the CSF at 8 DPL; (D,E) photographs of the entire spinal cord of vehicle ((D), upper; (E), left) and treated ((D), lower; (E), right) treated rats. (F) Rostrocaudal extension of the scar in vehicle and “combo”-treated rats. Data are presented as boxplots (glutamate N = 7 rats/group; NFL N = 7 rats/group; scar N = 5 rats/group). Statistical analysis: A: One-way ANOVA and F: Mann–Whitney test; * p < 0.05; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Abbreviations: DPL—day post lesion; NEFL—neurofilament.