Fig 1: Serum Netrin-1 levels did not evaluate prognosis, while the expression of DCC receptors reflected the prognosis of TBI. (a) Differences in terms of serum Netrin-1 concentrations between poor prognosis group (GOS 1–3 points) and good prognosis group (GOS 4–5 points). (b) Receiver operating characteristic curve for analyzing predictive ability regarding protein concentration of DCC receptors and serum Netrin-1 concentrations for poor prognoses.
Fig 2: Nomogram of the BPS/IC diagnostic prediction model for netrin-1 combined with clinical parameters. Note: For three variable axes (age, CD3 + CD4 + T lymphocyte ratio, and netrin-1 level), the corresponding points on the axes correspond to different scores. The scores of each predictive variable are summed to obtain a total score. Different total scores correspond to different probabilities of BPS/IC prevalence
Fig 3: ROC for the diagnosis of BPS/IC with the nomogram model for single netrin-1 and netrin-1 combined with other clinical parameters. Note: The two curved diagonal lines in the figure represent two different clinical diagnostic models (see legend label). Netrin-1 alone diagnosed BPS/IC with an AUC at ROC of 0.858 (95% CI: 0.788–0.929, P < 0.001) and the nomogram model with netrin-1 combined with other clinical parameters had an AUC of the ROC of 0.884 (95% CI: 0.821–0.946, P < 0.001). 95% CI: 0.821–0.946, P < 0.001). The diagnostic efficacy of the nomogram model with netrin-1 combined with other clinical parameters was slightly better than that of netrin-1 alone
Fig 4: The relationship between serum Netrin-1 concentrations and trauma severity. (a) Comparisons of serum Netrin-1 concentrations in patients with different Glasgow Coma Scale scores. (b) Differences in terms of serum Netrin-1 concentrations between critical TBI group (GCS 3–5 points) and severe TBI group (GCS 6–8 points). (c) Comparisons of serum Netrin-1 concentrations across Rotterdam computed tomography classification.
Fig 5: A Violin plot of plasma netrin-1 levels in the BPS/IC and control groups. Plasma netrin-1 levels in the BPS/IC group were significantly higher than those in the control group, P < 0.001. B Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of various clinical parameters for BPS/IC, in which netrin-1 and CD3 + CD4 + T lymphocyte ratio had good diagnostic efficacy, while age, BMI, CRP, and NLR had relatively poor diagnostic value
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