Fig 1: Chemogenetic activation of PVHvglut2 increases wakefulness.(A, B) Expression of the AAV injection site in the PVH of vglut2Cre mice. Drawings of overlay mCherry expressing sites in the PVH of vglut2Cre mice (n = 7, indicated with different colors). (C) Time-course changes in wakefulness, NREM sleep, and REM sleep after administration of vehicle or CNO in mice expressing hM3Dq in PVHvglut2 neurons (n = 7, repeated-measures ANOVA; F1,12 = 87.09 [wake], 63.61 [NREM], 612.30 [REM]; p < 0.001 [wake], p < 0.001 [NREM], p < 0.001 [REM]). (D) Total time spent in each stage after vehicle or CNO injection into vglut2Cre mice (n = 7, paired t test; p < 0.001 [wake], p < 0.001 [NREM], p < 0.001 [REM]). (E) Total time spent in NREM sleep during the dark period after vehicle or CNO injection (n = 7, p > 0.05, paired t test). (F) EEG power density of wakefulness during 9 hr after vehicle or CNO injection (n = 5; p < 0.05, paired t test). (G) EEG power density of NREM sleep during the day (7:00–18:00) before/after the day of CNO injection (n = 5, p > 0.05, paired t test). Data represented as mean ± SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n.s. means no significant difference). Figure 3—source data 1.Time spent in each stage of PVHvglut2-M3 mice after administration of CNO or saline during the light phase. Figure 3—source data 2.Time spent in each stage of PVHvglut2 mice after administration of CNO or saline during the dark phase. Figure 3—source data 3.Heart rate, temperature, serum CRH and CORT levels of PVHvglut2-M3 mice.