Fig 1: Diosmin alleviates inflammation response. The relative expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in serum was presented and normalized to the average of the sham/NS group. Sham/NS (n = 3), sham/diosmin A (n = 3), sham/diosmin B (n = 3), IVS/NS (n = 6), IVS/diosmin A (n = 7), and IVS/diosmin B (n = 7). *p <0.05 vs. sham/NS; &p < 0.05 vs. IVS/NS; #p < 0.05 vs. IVS/diosmin A (ordinary one-way ANOVA's multiple-comparisons test). IVS, iliac vein compression; ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1; VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.
Fig 2: Diosmin maintains muscle function in a mouse model of iliac vein stenosis. (A) Gene ontology (GO) enrichment for the regulated genes in the surrounding muscles between the IVS/NS and IVS/diosmin (40 mg/kg) groups; n = 4 per group. (B) The relative protein levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the surrounding muscles among the different groups: Sham/NS (n = 4), Sham/diosmin (40 mg/kg; n = 4), IVS/NS (n = 5), IVS/diosmin (20 mg/kg; n = 6), and IVS/diosmin (40 mg/kg; n = 8). *p < 0.05 vs. Sham/NS; #p < 0.05 vs. IVS/NS; &p < 0.05 vs. IVS/diosmin (20 mg/kg).
Fig 3: Loss of ATF3 aggravated the expression of inflammation-related genes in HFD-induced obese mice. a ATF3 protein level in iWAT and BAT of wild-type and ATF3-/- mice after HFD feeding for 12 weeks. b Representative immunofluorescence images of adiponectin (red IF) and ICAM-1 (green IF) in wild-type and ATF3-/- mice. Yellow scale bar indicated the size of adipocyte tissues. c Serum protein levels of adipokine and inflammation-related genes in wild-type and ATF3-/- mice after HFD feeding for 8 weeks by adipokine assays; Gel-Pro Analyzer software was used for densitometry of blots. d Serum protein level of adiponectin, ICAM-1 and resistin by ELISA assays in wild-type and ATF3-/-mice after HFD feeding for 8 weeks. e Quantified real-time PCR analysis of mRNA levels of iNOS, IL-6, and TNFa in livers of wild-type and ATF3-/- mice. For a–c, n = 3 per group. For d, wild-type (n = 4 in adiponectin; n = 5 in ICAM1; n = 8 in resistin), ATF3-/- (n = 7 in adiponectin; n = 5 in ICAM1; n = 7 in resistin). For e, n = 6 per group. Scale bar for image b: 50 µm. Data are mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05 compared to wild-type
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