Fig 1: CircRNA vaccine caused no obvious clinical signs of illness in rhesus macaques, related to Figure 6(A–E) Measurement of the IL-6 (A), MCP-1 (B), TNF-a (C), IL-1ß (D), and IFN-a (E) level in the plasma of immunized rhesus macaques.(F) Monitoring the body temperature of rhesus macaques. Body temperature was monitored within 3 days after the prime and boost doses. In (A)–(F), data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 4).(G–K) The body weight (G), temperature (H), heart rate (I), oxygen saturation (J), and respiratory rate (K) were monitored after challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 4).
Fig 2: CircRNA vaccine elicited higher average proportions of neutralizing antibodies and distinct Th1-biased T cell immune responses than mRNA vaccine(A) Comparison of the antigen expression levels of circRNARBD-Delta, 1m?-mRNARBD-Delta, and unmodified mRNARBD-Delta through Lipofectamine MessengerMax transfection in HEK293T cells.(B) The dynamic change in RNA levels in (A).(C) The antigen expression levels of LNP-circRNARBD-Delta, LNP-1m?-mRNARBD-Delta, and LNP-unmodified-mRNARBD-Delta in HEK293T cells. In (A)–(C), data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3).(D) Western blot showing the expression level of RBD in the supernatant of HEK293T cells transfected with circRNARBD.(E) The mRNA abundance of cytokines (MCP-1, IL-6, IP-10, TNF-a, IFN-a, and RANTES) induced by circRNARBD-Delta, 1m?-mRNARBD-Delta, and unmodified mRNARBD-Delta via RT-qPCR analysis in HEK293T cells. The circRNA, 1m?-mRNA, or unmodified mRNA was delivered into HEK293T cells via MessengerMax or LNP. The mRNA levels were normalized by GAPDH. The mRNA fold changes were normalized using the untreated HEK293T cells. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 2 or 3).(F) Measurement of the RBD-Delta-specific IgG endpoint GMTs in mice.(G) Measurement of RBD-Delta-specific IgG1/IgG2a/IgG2c endpoint GMTs in mice. In (F) and (G), data are shown as the geometric mean ± geometric SD (n = 11–12).(H) Measurement of the specific IgG2a/IgG1, IgG2c/IgG1, and (IgG2a + IgG2c)/IgG1 ratios.(I–L) Sigmoidal curve diagram of neutralization rate of VSV-based SARS-CoV-2 (Delta) pseudovirus with the sera from mice immunized with 0.5 µg (I), 2.5 µg (J), 5 µg (K), or 10 µg (L) of circRNA or 1m?-mRNA vaccines.(M) The ratio of (neutralizing Ab)/(binding Ab) elicited by 0.5, 2.5, 5, or 10 µg of the circRNA or 1m?-mRNA vaccine. The ratio of (NT50)/(endpoint GMT) of each mouse was calculated. In (H)–(M), data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 10–12).Unpaired two-sided Student’s t test was performed for comparison, as indicated in the figures, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; ns, not significant. Each symbol represents an individual mouse.See also Figure S3.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Monkey IL-6 ELISA Kit