Fig 1: Bovine Protamine 1 (PRM1) exhibited the highest concentration (p<0.00) in the sperm of Limousin, Friesian Holsten, Peranakan Ongole, and Aceh bulls, followed by PRM2 (p<0.00) and PRM3 (p<0.00).
Fig 2: Relationship between the Protamine (PRM1), PRM2, and PRM3 concentrations and frozen semen production capacity in Limousin, Friesian Holstein (FH), Peranakan Ongole (PO), and Aceh bulls (a-c). The PRM1 concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in the high production groups in Limousin, FH, PO, and Aceh bulls (a). The concentrations of PRM2 and PRM3 varied among the production groups in all bull breeds (b and c). Results of DNA fragmentation staining in sperm using acridine orange (d); sperm with DNA fragmentation exhibited yellow-orange fluorescence (a), and normal sperm showed green fluorescence (b).
Fig 3: Relationship between Protamine 1 (PRM1) (pg/mL) and PM (%) in Limousin (r=0.603) (p<0.05) (a), FH (r=0.846) (p<0.01) (b), Peranakan Ongole (r=0.920) (p<0.01) (c), and Aceh (r=0.851) (p<0.01) (d) bulls.
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