Fig 1: Effect on JNK1/2, ERK1/2, p38, caspase-3, and NF-kB proteins expression. (A) Western blot results of the measured proteins in kidneys of the studied groups. (B–F) Expressions of phosphor-JNK1/2/total JNK1/2, phosphor-ERK1/2/total ERK1/2, phosphor-P38/total P38, cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, and the total NF-kB proteins, respectively. Bars represent mean ± SD. After the one-way ANOVA test, the Bonferroni post hoc test was used to determine the statistical significance between the studied groups, where ^^^: p < 0.001, compared to the control animals. ***: p < 0.001, compared to the injured animals. ###: p < 0.001, compared to the IRI + PTZ S group. $: p < 0.05 and $$$: p < 0.001, compared to the IRI + PTZ M group. ƒƒƒ: p < 0.001 compared to the IRI + VINCA S group. ++: p < 0.01 and +++: p < 0.001, compared to the IRI + VINCA M group.