Fig 1: Analysis of loci associated with fructose specialization. (A) Mutated genes (red) in the FS mapped to the metabolic architecture of upper glycolysis. Arrows indicate increase (upward pointing) or decrease (downward pointing) in activity. Metabolites are shown as squares. The metabolic fluxes are visualized by big arrows indicating the net direction of metabolic flux when metabolizing fructose. Big red arrows indicate mutated metabolic steps. (B) Variants of FS associated annotated loci. (C) 3D structure of PFK with mutations (in red) and functional sites (in black) annotated. Mutated regions (red), allosteric activation sites (purple), substrate binding sites (blue), magnesium catalytic site and proton acceptor (orange), nucleotide and ATP binding site (green). (D) Expression of fbp when grown on F-CDMPC, error bars indicate standard deviations (SD). (E) Expression of pfk when grown on F-CDMPC, error bars indicate SD. (F) Enzymatic activity of PFK protein extracts by measuring phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, error bars indicate SD. The names of the selected strains in panels D, E, F correspond to the strain names in the supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online: ANC, FSfru (F3_t3_ff), FSmix (M4_t3_ff).