Fig 1: Scanning electron microscope (SEM) secondary electron detector (SED) image of test samples. Sample A, SED-SEM image of Sample A at × 1,500 magnification. Sample A represents the baseline sample, shielded from electromagnetic radiation and electrical oscillation, held in simulated synovial fluid (50/50% by weight deionized water and Millipore Sigma Fetal Bovine Serum). Sample A illustrates only minor surface change from the original polished surface. Sample B, SED-SEM image of Sample B at × 2,000 magnification. Sample B represents a corrosion sample subjected to a 50 MHz sine wave at 200 mVpp held in simulated synovial fluid. Sample B shows significant surface modification, marked by patterned oblong type surface growth. Sample C, SED-SEM image of Sample C at × 1,900 magnification. Sample C represents a corrosion sample subjected to a 25 MHz square wave at 200 mVpp held in simulated synovial fluid. The surface shows significant surface modification, marked by random deposition.