Fig 2: FTO protein expression levels in tissues of 11-month old pigs (n = 6). I—Western blot analysis, FTO (control)—HeLa cells not treated by siRNA, siRNA FTO—HeLa cells treated with siRNAs directed towards FTO gene (Image Lab, ChemiDoc MP Imaging System). II—in-tissue cytometry histograms of selected tissues (A–K) drawn by mean intensity of fluorescence (arbitrary units); percentage of high FTO expression (red—positive cells) is up to 200 arbitrary units (Scan^R and ScanR software, Olympus).

Fig 3: TÜ165 CAR-Ts kill EBV-positive target cells and release effector molecules. (A to C) Results for engineered T cells co-cultured with K562-B*35/pEBV for 48 hours at an effector-to-target (E:T) ratio of 1:1. (A) The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the cell culture supernatant was measured as an indicator of the killing of target cells (unloaded K562-B*35 or K562-B*35/pEBV) by T cells. LDH levels are expressed as a percentage of the maximum lysis level obtained using controls lysed with 1% Triton X-100. (B) Specific release of perforin and (C) specific release of granzyme B; specific release into the co-culture supernatant was calculated by subtracting the value measured after co-culture with K562-B*35 (unloaded) from the value after co-culture with K562-B*35/pEBV. (D to F) Engineered T cells were co-cultured with autologous B-LCLs for 48 hours at (D, E) the indicated E:T ratios in an representative experiment or (F) an E:T ratio of 1:1. (D) B-LCLs were gated as CD3-CD8- cells. (E) B-LCL killing was calculated by dividing the frequency after 48 hours by the respective frequency on day 0 and subtracting it from 100%. (F) Release of granzyme B into the cell culture supernatant of the indicated T cells cultured alone (TC only) or in co-cultures with B-LCLs (+B LCLs). (G) Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled untransduced T cells (green), CellTrace Violet-stained TÜ165 CAR-Ts (blue), and unlabeled K562-B*35/pEBV were set at a ratio of 1:1:2 and monitored under the microscope (Olympus IX81) at the indicated time points. Tracking experiments were performed using 20X short-distance objective lenses, and the results were analyzed using Olympus ScanR analysis software. Cell sizes of effector and target cells were estimated using a digital field of view of 433×330 µm and a resolution of 1344×1024 pixels instead of analog scale bars. (A to C, F) Data are shown as mean±SEM on scatter plots where each point represents one donor (n=4). Statistical analysis was performed using the one-tailed Mann-Whitney U test. *p=0.05, **p=0.01, ***p=0.001. B-LCLs, B-lymphoblastoid cell lines; CAR-T, chimeric antigen receptor-T cells; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; ns, not significant; TRUCK, T cells redirected for universal cytokine-mediated killing.

Fig 4: FUS nucleolar relocalisation is reversible and triggered by transcriptional stress.(A) Top: representative ScanR images of 5-EU pulse labelling in HeLa cells treated with DMSO vehicle or 4 µM CPT for 1 h (left) or following irradiation (2 Gy) (right). Bottom: quantification of EU signal from >500 cells per sample using Olympus ScanR analysis software. Data are the mean (±SEM) of three independent experiments. Statistically significant differences are indicated (two-tailed t test; **P < 0.01). (B) GFP-FUS, fibrillarin, and EU were detected by direct fluorescence (GFP), immunofluorescence (fibrillarin), or Click Chemistry (EU) in HeLa cells treated with DMSO vehicle or 4 µM CPT for 1 h (CPT), and in CPT-treated HeLa cells following subsequent incubation in CPT-free medium for 10, 30, 60, or 120 min. All cells were pulse-labelled with EU for 30 min before fixation. Scale bars, 10 µm. (C) GFP-FUS and EU were detected in HeLa cells treated with either DMSO vehicle, 4 µM CPT for 1 h, actinomycin D (5 nM or 4 µM) for 1 h or 10 µM CX5461 for 3 h. Where indicated, the cells were preincubated with CX5461 for 3 h before a 1-h incubation with 4 µM CPT (CX5461+CPT). Scale bars, 10 µm. (D) GFP-FUS and EU were detected in HeLa cells treated with either DMSO or 100 µM DRB for 30 min. Where indicated, the cells were preincubated with CX5461 for 3 h before a 30-min incubation with 100 µM DRB (CX5461+DRB). Scale bars: (A): 5 µm; (B–D): 10 µm.

Fig 5: siRNA-mediated knockdown of KDM2B impairs glioblastoma cell viability and proliferation. (A) Immunoblot analysis of KDM2B and GAPDH (loading control) in glioblastoma cells compared to normal human astrocytes (NHA). (B) Immunoblot analysis of KDM2B and tubulin (loading control) in tissue extracts from glioblastoma samples compared to normal brain (NB). (C) qRT/PCR analysis of relative KDM2B mRNA expression in glioblastoma cells 48 h post-transfection with either siCTRL or two independent siRNA constructs targeting KDM2B (siKDM2B-1 and siKDM2B-2). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 4. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 by an unpaired Student's t-test. (D) Immunoblot analysis of KDM2B and GAPDH (loading control) in tumor cells 72 h post-transfection with siCTRL, siKDM2B-1, or siKDM2B-2. (E) Immunoblot analysis of dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me2) and tubulin (loading control) in 4121 glioblastoma cells 48 h post-siRNA transfection. (F) Relative cell viability of glioblastoma cells over time transfected with siCTRL, siKDM2B-1, or siKDM2B-2 constructs analyzed by MTT assay. Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 3. ***P < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA. (G) ScanR microscopy- and software (Olympus)-based quantification of S-phase (%, proliferative) cells for 4121, 1587 and T115 glioblastoma lines upon transfection with either siCTRL, KDM2B-1, or KDM2B-2 constructs. Data presented as mean ± SD, ***P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test.