Fig 1: Ligand coupling strategy affects T-cell activation. (A) T-cells were interfaced with SLBs featuring ligand-decorated DNA origami constructs, adhesion (ICAM-1) and co-stimulatory molecules (B7–1). (B) Dose–response curves for T-cell activation mediated by H57-scFV presented in the context of the different DNA origami constructs. Each data point corresponds to the percentage of activated cells determined in an individual experiment at a specific H57-scFV density. Data were normalized to activation levels recorded for a positive control (=100%) involving the use of SLBs featuring His-tagged pMHC (His- pMHC) at a density of 150 µm–2 and His-tagged ICAM-1 and B7–1 at 100 µm–2. Dose–response curves were fitted with eq 19 (see methods section) to extract activation thresholds (C). For each dose–response curve, data are from at least two independent experiments involving T-cells isolated from two different mice. For details we refer to SI Table S12. Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval.