Fig 2: Th17 cell response is present in a mouse model of NA. (A) Percentage of Th17 cells increased in the lung of NA, as measured by flow cytometry. (B) Levels of IL-17 in BALF were elevated in NA, as measured by ELISA. (C) Expression of Th17 cells increased in the spleen of NA. (D) Flow cytometry demonstrated the increased frequency of Th17 cells in the lung of NA. (E) Flow cytometry demonstrated the increased percentage of Th17 cells in spleen from NA. Data are presented as the mean ± SD and analyzed by Student's t-test. n=6 in each group. *P<0.05 vs. NC. NC, normal control; NA, neutrophilic asthma; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; IL, interleukin.

Fig 3: Effect of Dun on IMQ-induced inflammatory cytokines in NQO1−/− mice. (A) mRNA expression levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and IL-23 determined by quantitative RT-PCR in dorsal skin of NQO1−/− mice after 6 days of IMQ treatment. (B) Levels of IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 in homogenized skin tissue measured using ELISA. Bars represent mean ± S.D. (n = 5). #p < 0.05 compared with the control group.

Fig 4: Pharmacological inhibition of miR-31-induced metabolic changes relieves psoriatic disease in an animal model ARepresentative picture of in situ hybridization (ISH) staining of miR-31 in skin biopsies of healthy individuals and psoriasis patients (n = 5 individuals in each group). Quantification of results showing the average level of miR-31 in skin epidermis (right panel). B, basal layer; S + G, spinous and granular layers. Scale bars: 100 µm.BRepresentative pictures of immunohistochemical staining of GLUT1, GLS, and GS in skin biopsies of HC and Ps (n = 5 individuals in each group). Scale bars: 200 µm.CRepresentative images of skin of mice (n = 5 mice in vehicle group and n = 6 mice in other groups). Scale bars: 1 cm.DRepresentative pictures of hematoxylin–eosin staining of skin biopsies of mice treated with vehicle, IMQ, AOA, TFB-TBOA, and CB-839 (n = 5 mice in vehicle and n = 6 mice in other groups). Scale bars: 100 µm.E–GDisease activity was evaluated by epidermal thickness (E), PASI score (F), and Baker's score (G). n = 5 mice in vehicle and n = 6 mice in other groups.HFACS analysis of Th17 cell proportion in splenic lymphocytes of mice (n = 5 mice in vehicle and n = 6 mice in other groups).IEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of IL-17A levels in serum of mice (n = 5 mice in Vehicle and n = 6 mice in other groups).JQuantitative RT–PCR detection of mmu-miR-31-5p expression levels in skin of mice (n = 5 mice in each group). Data information: Data of (A) are presented as mean ± SD and data of (E–J) are presented as box and whiskers (central band, median; whiskers, min to max; and show all points). Applied unpaired Student's t-test for (A), and one-way ANOVA with Sidak test for (E–J). Source data are available online for this figure.