Fig 1: IL-17A Abs improved LPS-induced memory impairment. a Contextual fear response, as measured by freezing behavior, was determined in the rats. b The Y-maze test was performed after TFC in the rats. The data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. (n = 6 in a and b). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus control group. # P < 0.05 versus LPS treatment group
Fig 2: Study design. a The hippocampus and serum were collected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after LPS injection. b Rats were injected with LPS within 30 min after TFC training, and the IL-17A Abs were administrated immediately after TFC training. The hippocampus and serum were collected 24 h after LPS injection. Behavioral tests were also performed at this time point
Fig 3: IL-17A Abs reduced the LPS-induced increase in Iba1-positive cells in hippocampal area CA1 and CA3. Hippocampal sections (10-µm) were prepared 24 h after the LPS injection. a Representative immunohistochemistry graphs of microglia in area CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus. b Quantification of Iba1-positive cells in area CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus. Graphs show the mean ± s.e.m. (n = 4). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus control group, ## P < 0.01 versus LPS treatment group. Bar = 50 µm
Fig 4: Effects of IL-17A on microglial activation and cytokine production. Primary microglial cells were incubated with IL-17A at 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml for 24 h. a The cells were stained with an Iba1 antibody. Upregulated Iba1 expression (green) in activated microglia was observed using confocal scanning. The blue staining represents DAPI. Scale bar = 50 µm. b Graph showing the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for Iba1. c, d Quantification of TNF-a and IL-6 in the media. The data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. of four independent experiments. **P < 0.01 versus the response to medium alone
Fig 5: IL-17A Abs inhibit COX-2, iNOS, BACE1, and APP expression and increase the expression of PSD95 in the aged rats treated with LPS. a The expression of COX-2, iNOS, BACE1, APP, and PSD95 was detected by Western blotting using specific antibodies in the hippocampus of rats. Each blot is representative of three experiments. b Levels of COX-2, iNOS, BACE1, APP, and PSD95 were quantified and normalized to GAPDH levels. Each value was then expressed relative to the control, which was set to 1. The data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. **P < 0.01 versus control group, ## P < 0.01 versus LPS treatment group
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