Fig 1: Biocompatibility testing of non-functional g-SGFET vs. control devices.a The timeline describes the procedures carried out on animals during the biocompatibility study. b Schematic of the high-surface area g-SGFET prototype developed for biocompatibility testing in-vivo. c Discrimination ratio from NOR test over different days after implantation (see “Methods” section). For all five groups tested, the discrimination ratio was above 0.5 at all timepoints. Evaluated for n = 7 animals per group at all timepoints, except 12 weeks which had n = 3 (sham), n = 4 (platinum and naive) and n = 7 (blank). The boxes from the lower to the upper quartile, while whiskers represent minimum and maximum values. d Inflammatory marker IL-17a in the brain tissue for all groups and timepoints. Evaluated for n = 4 animals after 2 and 12 weeks, and n = 3 animals at 12 weeks. e Microglial activation state, expressed as a percentage of total microglial presence in the site surrounding the electrodes. n = 3 animals at 2 and 12 weeks, n = 2 animals (or 3 for the contralateral hemisphere) at 6 weeks. Bars in panels d and e indicate the mean and range of data point. f Iba-1 immunoflourescent staining to assess activation status of microglia at the surgical site obtained from 40 sections per animal. Scale bar equals 500 µm (50 µm at the insets). g Haemotoxylin and Eosin staining at 2 weeks post implantation shows there is no structural damage to the cortical layers directly at the device implantation site. Forty sections at 25 µm per animal were imaged. Scale bar equals 1 mm (top) and 200 µm (bottom). In panels d and e two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparison to the naive control within each timepoint with n = 3 or larger: *, **, ***, and **** indicate p = 0.015, p = 0.007, p = 0.0016, and p < 0.0001, respectively.
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