Fig 2: WFDC12-overexpressing enhanced immune responses in mice epidermis.a Flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow cells (BMCs) in mice epidermis. b–d The ratio of monocytes (b). neutrophil (c) and eosinophil (d) in CD11b+ cells in mice epidermis (n = 4 or 5). e–j RT-qPCR analysis of IL-4 (e), IL-33 (f), TLSP (g), IL-17A (h), IL-6 (i). and IFN-? (j) (n = 4 or 5). Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Asterisks indicate statistical significance based on unpaired or paired T-test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ‘ns’ indicates no statistical difference.

Fig 3: WFDC12 was closely related to the occurrence and progression of AD.a The relative expression of WFDC12 in different tissues in normal people from GTEx database (n = 6–860) (huWFDC12, Human WFDC12). b Immunohistochemical staining of WFDC12 was performed in human normal skin (n = 3) and AD-lesion (n = 3). Scale bars: left figure. 200 µm; right figure. 100 µm. c The positive expression level of WFDC12 in immunohistochemistry staining. d RT-qPCR analysis of WFDC12 mRNA level in mouse normal skin (n = 4) and DNFB-induced skin lesions (n = 4). e The transcriptional level of WFDC12 in mouse normal skin (n = 6) and DNFB-induced skin lesions (n = 6) from GEO Datasets (GDS2820). Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Asterisks indicate statistical significance based on unpaired or paired T-test; **p < 0.01.

Fig 4: The transgenic mice with keratinocyte-specific overexpression of WFDC12 (K14-WFDC12) were successfully constructed and the overexpression of WFDC12 did not affect the skin homeostasis and survival of mice.a The construction schematic diagram of K14-WFDC12 plasmid. b RT-PCR analysis was used to detect WFDC12 mRNA levels in WT and TG mice. c The western blot results of dorsal skins of WT and TG by using anti-HA. d ELISA was used to detect the protein expression of WFDC12 in the skin of WT and TG mice. e The toluidine blue staining of fetus mice. f TWEL determination in fetus rats. g Statistical chart of weight change during mouse growth. h Direct view of 8-week-old mice dorsal skin after shaving and H&E staining of paraffin sections in skin stable state. Scale bar: 200 µm. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Asterisks indicate statistical significance based on unpaired or paired T-tests. ‘ns’ indicates no statistical difference.

Fig 5: WFDC12-expressing accelerates the activity of serine hydrolase strengthen and the accumulation of PAF.a Schematic diagram of enzyme activity detection with the probe with serine hydrolase binding activity. ABP activity-based probe. b The gel fluorescence imaging of serine protease activity in mice epidermis. c Quantitative analysis of serine protease activity. d Coomassie brilliant blue staining analysis of proteins in the epidermis. e The content of PAF in mice epidermis.