Fig 1: GEF-H1 inhibitors block endothelial inflammatory responses induced by LPS. Human primary endothelial cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of the indicated GEF-H1 inhibitors. Cells were then analyzed by immunofluorescence (A, F-actin, vinculin, and JACOP localization) and (B) immunoblotting for expression of ICAM1, a protein upregulated by inflammatory stimuli; ZO-1; JACOP, vinculin, and a-tubulin as a loading control. (C) Quantification of paracellular permeability for 4 and 70 kD fluorescent dextrans in similar experimental conditions is shown. Shown are independent determinations. p-values are derived from ANOVA and t-tests. Note: TAT-P5 and TAT-F1 inhibit cytoskeletal remodeling, ICAM1 induction, and barrier permeability increased induced by LPS. Scale bar, 20 µm.