Fig 1: ELOVL4 protein is increased in FTD brain. (a) ELOVL4 protein was significantly increased in superior frontal cortex of FTD brain (n = 10) compared to controls (n = 11) as measured by western blotting. (b) Optical density (OD) measurements of the ELOVL4 protein bands normalized to ß-actin. Multivariate analysis (general liner model), co-varying for age and sex, was used to determine significance between the two groups. (c) A comparison of the 37-kDa ELOVL4 protein (OD) levels in early-stage (n = 5) and late-stage (n = 5) FTD groups. (d) A representative example of (non-quantitative) immunohistochemical staining of ELOVL4 in superior frontal cortex of FTD and control brain; scale bar = 50 µm. (e) The 37-kDa ELOVL4 protein (OD) levels correlated significantly with the levels of all three VLCFA-lipids elevated in FTD brain as determined by Pearson correlation coefficient. (f) Protein expression and OD measurement, normalized to ß-actin, of neurofilament light (NFL), RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3 (RBFOX3) and C9ORF72 in superior frontal cortex of FTD (n = 10) and controls (n = 10) brain, and significance determined by multivariate analysis (general liner model), co-varying for age and sex. Data represent mean and SE as error bars, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.001.