Fig 1: Expression and localization of NPC2, IGFBP7, and THBS1 in aortic tissues. (A) Protein levels of THBS1, IGFBP7, and NPC2 in aortic tissues of NVDCs and those of three different stages (Stages A, B, and C) of TAAA patients were determined by western blotting analysis. ACTB was used as an internal control. Arrows indicate the predicted positions of THBS1 (129 kDa), IGFBP7 (29 kDa), NPC2 (17 kDa), and ACTB (42 kDa), respectively. Whole gel images are presented in Supplementary Fig. 2. (B) Immunohistochemical analyses of NPC2, IGFBP7, and THBS1 (first, second, and third row, respectively); Staining data for normal aortas of NVDCs are shown in a, e, and i of the left column, while those of TAAAs are shown in b-d of the first, f-h of the second, and j-l of the third rows. Arrows in d indicate NPC2-positive foam cells. Arrows in f, g, and h indicate IGFBP7-positive foam cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Arrowheads in g indicate IGFBP7-positive smooth muscle cells. The asterisks in e and g indicate the lumenal region. NVDC, non-vascular disease control; TAAA, thoracic atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm.
Fig 2: Concentrations of NPC2, IGFBP7, and THBS1 in blood samples of HCs and patients with AAAA and TAAA. The concentrations of (A) NPC2 in serum, (B) IGFBP7 in serum, and (C) THBS1 in plasma of 44 HCs, 51 AAAA patients, and 29 TAAA patients were measured using an ELISA kit specific for each protein. (D) ROC analysis of NPC2 (black line), IGFBP7 (black broken line), THBS1 (grey dotted line), or the combination of all three proteins (grey line) in HCs and TAAA patients. The AUCs were 0.933, 0.925, 0.759, and 0.948 for NPC2, IGFBP7, THBS1, and their combination, respectively. (E) ROC analysis of NPC2 (black line), IGFBP7 (black broken line), THBS1 (grey dotted line), or the combination of all three proteins (grey line) between HCs and AAAA patients. The AUCs were 0.828, 0.882, 0.742, and 0.901 for NPC2, IGFBP7, THBS1, and their combination, respectively. HC, healthy control; AAAA, abdominal atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm; TAAA, thoracic atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under the curve.
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