Fig 2: The effect of Fe3O4/Cs on PI3K/AKT/ mTOR and MAPK (P38, ERK1/2 and JNK) protein expression

Fig 3: Apoptotic proteins (p38, p53, Bax, and caspase 3) visualization (A), mean fluorescent quantification (B) post-treatment with ZnPcS4-mediated PDT IC50 and D.A MeOH extract IC50, and the fluorometric multiplex activities of caspase 8 and 9 (C). Blue fluorescence (DAPI) stains the nucleus, and green fluorescence (FITC) represents the expression of apoptotic proteins. No expression of apoptotic proteins in A549 laser-treated cells (2,8,14,20). Increased expression of apoptotic proteins in A459 cells treated with ZnPcS4-mediated PDT (3,9,15,21), cells treated with D.A MeOH extract IC50 (4,10,16,22), A549 cells treated with D.A MeOH extract IC50 + laser irradiation (5,11,17,23), and cells treated with ZnPcS4-mediated PDT + D.A MeOH extract IC50 (6,12,18,24). (200× magnification and scale bar: 50 µm) (A). The values depicted in (B,C) are mean ± standard errors. Significant mean differences of independent treatments are represented as ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.