Fig 1: SAXS-TT results for mouse brain.a Sagittal, axial, and coronal virtual slices of tensor-reconstructed reciprocal space-map intensity at myelin peak q-values. Grayscale colormap was used for the unspecific scattering signal, akin to unspecific tomographic contrasts such as MRI or CT. b Same virtual slices depicting the tensor-reconstructed myelin-specific signal. “Hot” colormap was used for the myelin-specific signal, akin to molecular imaging outcomes, e.g. using fluorescent tags. c 3D myelin distribution map of highly myelinated areas (red). d Coronal slice of the 3D fODF map, with tensors represented by ellipsoids, colored by tensor trace. e Side-view of 3D map of fiber orientations, represented by lines. Color and orientation correspond to the largest tensor eigenvalue. f Same coronal slice as in a, b, d from map in e. g Tractogram of same section based on main fiber orientation. h Box plots displaying myelin levels for different regions of the mouse brain, for right and left hemisphere, segmented using the DSURQE mouse brain atlas48. Notches represent median values, boxplot upper/lower ends represent 25/75 percentiles, and whiskers extend to ±2.7 standard deviations from the mean. Outliers are in red dots. All white matter regions (CIN, AC, CC, CP, CST, IC, CBP, OPT) displayed statistically similar myelin levels between left and right hemispheres using unpaired two-tailed t-test (no multiple comparison correction). [VEN: lateral ventricles, nright/nleft = 319/334, p value: 4 × 10-9; CRUS: crus 1&2, cerebellar lobule 7 (gray matter), nright/nleft = 7844/8591, p value: 2 × 10-6; OBGL: olfactory bulb, granule layer (gray matter), nright/nleft = 5846/5889, p value: 0.02; CIC: cingulate cortex, nright/nleft = 6273/6004, p value: 4 × 10-3; AMY: amygdala, nright/nleft = 11,191/12,069, p value: 0; SSC: secondary somatosensory cortex, nright/nleft = 4381/4318, p value:3 × 10-9; PVC: primary visual cortex, nright/nleft = 887/938, p value: 0.06; BF: barrel field, nright/nleft = 5695/6516, p value: 2 × 10-14; HP: hippocampus, nright/nleft = 29368/29811, p value: 10-25; HTH: hypothalamus, nright/nleft = 13,423/13,413, p value: 5 × 10-14; STR: striatum, nright/nleft = 28218/28766, p value: 3 × 10-13; TH: thalamus, nright/nleft = 22,630/22,812, p value:10-20; GLP: globus pallidus, nright/nleft = 3456/3723, p value: 0.28; CIN: cingulum, nright/nleft = 162/114, p value: 0.58; AC: anterior commissure, nright/nleft = 360/426, p value: 0.43; CC: corpus callosum, nright/nleft = 15,467/15,441, p value: 0.81; CP: cerebral peduncle, nright/nleft = 2115/2178, p value: 0.17; CST: cerebrospinal tract, nright/nleft = 2081/1977, p value: 0.54; IC: internal capsule, nright/nleft = 3304/3221, p value: 0.84; CBP: cerebellar peduncle, nright/nleft = 3513/3748, p value: 0.21; OPT: optic tract, nright/nleft = 1862/2056, p value: 0.70]. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.