Fig 1: Gene enrichment and proposed core signaling and transcription networks in progressive hypothalamic/optic pathway PA.(A) Enrichment of mitochondrial-related genes in Cohort B tumors. (B–C) Levels of Tom20, a mitochondrial marker, was increased in Cohort B tumors and low in Cohort A tumors (see also Supplementary Figure 4). (D) Enrichment of MAPK pathway in Cohort B tumors (E–F) Nuclear phospho-ERK1/2 (pERK1/2), a marker of activated MAPK pathway, was increased in Cohort B tumors and low in Cohort A tumors (see also Supplementary Figure 4). (G) Enrichment of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in Cohort B tumors (H–I) Levels of phospho-S6 (pS6), a marker of activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, was increased in cohort B tumors and low in cohort A tumors (see also Supplementary Figure 4). (J) p53, E2F, NKX2.3, TBX3, PIM1, and MYC all play roles in cell proliferation and the regulation of biosynthetic processes. TBX3, PIM1, and MYC are downstream of E2F. (K) Proposed transcription and signaling network in progressive hypothalamic/optic pathway PA. Scale bar: 100 µm.