Fig 1: mRNA and total protein levels of occludin, tricellulin and ZO-1 upon exposure to each AHL in basal or inflammatory conditions. Caco-2/TC7 cells were treated on their apical side by each AHL (150 µM, 48 h) or on their basal side by IFN?+TNFa (50 ng/mL, 48 h). Treatments were performed individually or in combination as indicated. (a, b, c) mRNA levels were determined by (RT)-qPCR for occludin gene (OCLN) (a, ordinary one-way ANOVA ****P < .0001), tricellulin gene (MARVELD2) (b, Kruskall-Wallis test ****P < .0001) and Zonula Occludens-1 gene (TJP1) (c, ordinary one-way ANOVA P = .36). Results are expressed as 2-??Ct using cyclophylin as the house keeping gene (mean ± SEM of triplicates from 3 independent experiments). (d) Total protein levels of occludin, tricellulin and Zonula Occludens-1 and E-cadherin were quantified by Wes TM capillary electrophoresis. Reconstructed images are displayed, based on the area under the curve from chemiluminescence signal obtained for one experiment (representative of 3 independent experiments). Molecular weight markers (in kDa) are indicated on the left. (e) Total E-cadherin protein levels (Areas under the curve from chemiluminescence results, ordinary one-way ANOVA P = .82). (f, g, h) Total protein levels of occludin (f, ordinary one-way ANOVA ***P < .001), tricellulin (g, ordinary one-way ANOVA **P < .01), and ZO-1 (h, ordinary one-way ANOVA P = .8): areas under the curve from chemiluminescence results are normalized to respective E-Cadherin levels, which do not differ between conditions (e), and expressed as ratio values normalized to the control condition (mean ± SEM of duplicates from 3 independent experiments). For a-c and e-h, respective Holm-Sidak’s or Dunn’s posttests * P < .05 and ** P < .01 vs. control. C12 stands for 3-oxo-C12; C12:2 stands for 3-oxo-C12:2
Fig 2: Expression of tight junction proteins involved in paracellular macromolecule passage. For comparison, protein expression was expressed in relation to that of controls (100%). (A) Expression of occludin (Occl), tricellulin (Tric), and lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) in duodenal mucosa obtained from HIV-negative control individuals (n = 6), and from untreated (HIV naive; n = 10) and suppressively treated (HIV cART; n = 7) HIV-infected patients. (B) Expression of occludin, tricellulin, and LSR in colon mucosa obtained from HIV-negative control individuals (n = 4), and from untreated (HIV naive; n = 3) and suppressively treated HIV-infected patients (HIV cART; n = 3–4). Representative immunoblots of occludin, tricellulin, and LSR in membrane preparations from duodenal (C,D) colon mucosa. The band covered with background at the very right position of the blot was excluded from the densitometric analysis for tricellulin. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
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