Fig 2: Correlation between HLA-DQB1 mRNA level and recurrence rate and RFS in the TCGA LUAD cohort. Notes: (A) The difference in HLA-DQB1 mRNA levels between tumor and adjacent normal tissues in LUAD (***P<0.001). (B) Recurrence rate in the HLA-DQB1 high-expression group and low-expression group. (C) Kaplan-Meier plots depicting the RFS of patients stratified by HLA-DQB1 mRNA expression in stage I LUAD in the TCGA validation set (P<0.0001, HR=0.2127, 95% CI, 0.1108–0.4081). (D) Kaplan-Meier plots depicting the RFS of patients stratified by HLA-DQB1 mRNA expression in early-stage LUAD (P=0.0008, HR=0.4012, 95% CI, 0.2574–0.6255). Abbreviations: LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; RFS, recurrence-free survival.

Fig 3: (A) Representative examples of HLA-DQB1 expression in tumor cells a: score 3, b: score 2, c: score 1, d: score 0 (100×). (B) Patient recurrence status in the high- and low-HLA-DQB1 expression subgroups. The recurrence rate was significantly different in the HLA-DQB1-high (34/98) and HLA-DQB1-low (46/67) subgroups (P<0.0001). (C) Kaplan-Meier plots depicting the RFS of early-stage LUAD patients stratified by tumor HLA-DQB1 staining scores. (D) Kaplan-Meier plots depicting the RFS of early-stage LUAD patients stratified by HLA-DQB1 expression level. (E) Kaplan-Meier plots depicting the RFS of stage I LUAD patients stratified by HLA-DQB1 expression level. RFS was significantly worse in patients with low levels of HLA-DQB1 expression (P<0.0001) in the Daping validation set. Abbreviations: LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; RFS, recurrence-free survival.

Fig 4: (A) Representative examples of interstitial cell HLA-DQB1 expression patterns (100X). a: Both tumor and interstitial cells expressed HLA-DQB1. b: Tumor cells did not express HLA-DQB1, but interstitial cells did. c: Tumor cells expressed HLA-DQB1, and interstitial cells did not. d: Neither tumor nor interstitial cells expressed HLA-DQB1. (B) Kaplan-Meier plots depicting RFS of Daping LUAD patients stratified by interstitial cell HLA-DQB1 expression. HLA-DQB1 expression in interstitial cells had no significant correlation with RFS in LUAD patients (P=0.4096). Abbreviations: LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; RFS, recurrence-free survival.

Fig 5: Correlation between HLA-DQB1 mRNA level and antitumor immune activity. Notes: Patients with high levels of HLA-DQB1 expression showed more lymphocytic infiltration in tumors (A). In addition, mRNA levels of CD4 (B), CD8 (C), GZMK (D), GZMH (E) and the immune score (F) were positively correlated with HLA-DQB1 (***P<0.001).