Fig 2: LC (A),7,4’-DHF (B) and LA (C) regulated the expression of Rac1-WAVE2-Arp3 pathway proteins in SMG-treated Caco-2 cells. Effect of LC (D),7,4’-DHF (E) and LA (F) on rearrangement of F-actin. Note: * p < 0.05, compared with CON group. # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01, compared with SMG group. The relative expression levels of proteins were expressed as the ratio of gray value of the target band to that of total proteins in the same sample. The total protein gel was shown in Supplementary Figure S7.

Fig 3: OLA disrupts actin microfilaments organization in Sertoli cells(A) Immunofluorescence analysis to assess the effects of OLA on the organization of actin microfilaments in Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells cultured for 2 d were treated with 400 µg/ml OLA or control (0.1% DMSO) for 24 h. Cells were fixed and processed for FITC-phalloidin (F-actin, green) and DAPI (nuclei, blue) staining. Significantly, OLA was prominently disorganized actin microfilaments with dense clusters (annotated by white asterisk). Scale bar, 20 µm. (B) Immunoblot analysis to assess the effects of OLA on the expression of actin regulatory proteins: Rac1, CDC42, N-WASP, Arp3 and Palladin. GAPDH served as protein loading control. Semiquantitative analysis of protein expression in following histogram (mean ± S.E.M., three independent replicates per groups). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.

Fig 4: DB increased the expression of Dock180, Rac1, Arp3, WAVE2, and the ratio of F-actin to G-actin in rat ileum. (A) the Western-blot bands of Dock180, Rac1, WAVE2, Arp3, and F-actin and G-actin. (B) semi-quantitative analysis based on the relative density of the validated proteins. Data was normalized with total protein amount as the internal reference (n = 9). It indicated DB treatment could dramatically increase expression of these proteins. Note: * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01, compared with CON group. # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01, compared with SMG group. The relative expression levels of proteins were expressed as the ratio of gray value of the target band to that of total proteins in the same sample. The total protein gel was shown in Supplementary Figure S5.