Fig 2: Maternal rats were exposed to continuous hypoxia from days 7–21 during pregnancy and the relative levels of mRNA of target genes in lung tissues of pups at 7D, 3M and 6M after birth were measured. n=3. Samples were each measured 3 times. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. A two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data between the control and hypoxia groups. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. control. HIF-1a, hypoxia-inducible factor-1a; HIF-2a, hypoxia-inducible factor-2a; V1R, vasopressin type-1 receptor; V2R, vasopressin type-2 receptor; PlGF, placental growth factor; TGF-ß, Transforming growth factor-ß 1; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor-a; a-SMA, a-smooth muscle aorta; 7D, 7 days; 3M, 3 months; 6M, 6 months.

Fig 3: Maternal rats were exposed to continuous hypoxia from days 7–21 during pregnancy and the protein levels of (A) indicated proteins and the (B) target gene V1R in lung tissues of pups at 7D, 3M and 6M after birth were measured by western blot analysis. The expression of GAPDH was used for normalization. n=3. Samples were each measured 3 times. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. A two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data between the control and hypoxia groups. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs. control. HIF-1a, hypoxia-inducible factor-1a; HIF-2a, hypoxia-inducible factor-2a; V1R, vasopressin type-1 receptor; V2R, vasopressin type-2 receptor; PlGF, placental growth factor; TGF-ß, Transforming growth factor-ß 1; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor-a; a-SMA, a-smooth muscle aorta; 7D, 7 days; 3M, 3 months; 6M, 6 months.

Fig 4: Immunohistochemistry of AVP, V1aR, V1bR and V2R in TG from male and female rat. AVP immunoreactivity was located in neuronal cytoplasm (arrow) and in SGCs (arrowhead) and of all neurons, 36% were positive for AVP in males and 37% in females. In males, 76% of all neurons were V1aR immunoreactive and 75% V1bR immunoreactive. In females, 86% of all neurons were positive for V1aR and 84% of all neurons were positive for V1bR. V1aR and V1bR were located in neuronal cytoplasm (arrow) and in fibers (arrowheads). V2R immunoreactivity was expressed mostly in the SGCs (arrowhead) and a fewer in the neuronal cytoplasm (arrow)