Fig 1: CCR5 expression in osteoclast precursors. Expression of CCR5 on the cell surface (as a percentage of positive cells) in osteoclast precursors after HIV infection (using both inoculums, 0.01 and 1.0 pg/cell) at 3 and 6 dpi measured by flow cytometry (A). The efficiency of HIV infection (measured by flow cytometry as the percentage of cells expressing intracellular p24 antigen) and change in CCR5 expression level (as MFI) between paired samples (control vs. HIV infected) in osteoclast precursors infected with each HIV inoculum at 3 dpi and 6 dpi (B). Quantification of the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts after CCR5 antagonism using TAK-779 (C) or CCR5 blocking using three different concentrations of recombinant HIV (AD8)-gp120 (D). The efficiency of VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV infection (measured by flow cytometry as the percentage of cells expressing intracellular p24 antigen) and the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts (x200) at 12 dpi using the two viral inoculums in the absence and presence of nevirapine (E). Scale bar: 200 µm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD obtained from 2-4 independent experiments performed with cells from different donors. *p < 0.001, **p < 0.001, and ***p < 0.0001. ns, not significant.