Fig 1: 25-HC@DDAB suppressed cytokine storm in the PBMCs of severe COVID-19 patients. (a) Western blot analysis of Ch25h level in PBMCs of mild and severe COVID-19 patients (n = 5/each group). (b) qRT-PCR analysis of ch25h mRNA level (n = 10/each group). (c) Level of 25-HC upon the treatment of 25-HC and 25-HC@DDAB with 0.5 µM and 1.0 µM concentrations (n = 10/each group). (d) Effect of 25-HC and 25-HC@DDAB in the rescue of survival rate of PBMCs derived from severe COVID-19 patients (n = 10/each group). (e) Effect of 25-HC and 25-HC@DDAB in the suppression of IL-1ß production quantified by ELISA (n = 5/each group). (f) Effect of 25-HC and 25-HC@DDAB in the suppression of cytokine storm as confirmed by cytokine array analysis (n = 3/each group). For the assay, 2 × 106/well of cells per group was treated with 1 µM 25-HC and 25-HC@DDAB in RPMI medium without FBS for 12 h. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed unpaired t-test. **P < 0.01.