Fig 2: TIM-3, Galectin-9, and CEBPA expression levels evaluated by IHC protein staining in glioma samples stratified by WHO grade and 1p/19q codeletion status. (A) IHC staining of CEBPA, Galectin-9 and TIM-3 in glioma samples stratified by WHO grade and 1p/19q codeletion status. (B) Differential analysis of HScore of IHC staining of CEBPA, Galectin-9 and TIM-3 in glioma samples. The significance of the difference between the two groups was verified by Student’s t-test. ****p < 0.0001.

Fig 3: 1p/19q codeletion downregulated Galectin-9 expression via CEBPA. (A) Correlations between Galectin-9 and transcription factors by Pearson correlation analysis in the CGGA and TCGA databases. (B) Correlation between Galectin-9 and CEBPA detected by Pearson correlation analysis in the TCGA pan-cancer database. (C) t-SNE analysis performed to evaluate the association between Galectin-9 expression and the loss of chromosome 19q.

Fig 4: Association between 1p/19q codeletion and immune checkpoints. (A–F) Differences in immune checkpoint expression in glioma patients with different 1p/19q codeletion status in the CGGA (A, B), CGGA New (C, D), and TCGA databases (E, F) databases. (G–I) TIM-3/Galectin-9 and DNAM-1/CD155 expression levels in the CGGA (G), CGGA New (H), and TCGA (I). The significance of the difference between the two groups was verified by Student’s t-test. ****p < 0.0001.