Fig 1: Increase in follicular helper T (Tfh) cell and plasma B cells numbers, and autoantibody levels, in Lck-ECP–transgenic mice. A, Flow cytometric analysis of Tfh (CD3+CD4+IL-21+ or CD3+CD4+CXCR5+) cells in the spleens (Sp) of 8-week-old and 16-week-old WT and Lck-ECP–transgenic mice. B, Flow cytometric analysis of B220+ B cells (B220+CD21+/mature B or B220+CD23+/naive B cells) in the spleens of 8-week-old and 16-week-old WT and Lck-ECP–transgenic mice. C, Flow cytometric analysis of plasma B (B220+CD138+) cells in the bone marrow (BM) of 8-week-old and 16-week-old WT and Lck-ECP–transgenic mice. Values next to the outlined areas in A–C are the number of positive cells. D, Serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels in 8-week-old and 16-week-old WT mice (blue) and Lck-ECP–transgenic mice (pink), determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each symbol represents an individual mouse; bars show the mean ± SEM. * = P < 0.05; ** = P < 0.01, by Student's 2-tailed t-test. See Figure 3 for other definitions.