Fig 1: Summary of vitamin D3 metabolic pathways with selected factors playing an important role in their regulation. CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 are identified as vitamin D3-25-hydroxylases converting cholecalciferol to 25(OH)D3. CYP27B1: 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase converts 25(OH)D3 to its hormonally active form—1,25(OH)2D3, calcitriol. CYP24A1: 24-hydroxylase inactivating both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH2)D3. Regulation of CYPs’ expression may differ depending on the tissue studied. * Inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-15, IGF-I, EGF, and TGF-β activate CYP27B1 [34]. Pink letters: enzymes measured in our study in the kidney, liver, and tumor tissue. Pink frames: metabolites measured in mice plasma in our study.
Fig 2: Expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), CYP2R1, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 in the tissues of mammary gland tumor-bearing mice. Expression of proteins in the tumor tissue of mice bearing (A) 4T1, (B) 67NR, and (C) E0771 tumors. Expression of proteins in the (D) kidney and (E) liver of mice bearing E0771 tumors. N = 4–6 mice per group. Densitometric analysis was performed using ImageJ software. Results are normalized to β-actin and next to the control group (1000 IU). Data are presented as mean with standard deviation; individual data are also presented as yellow points. Tissue from 5–6 mice/group was analyzed. Statistical analysis: Sidak’s test for multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.
Fig 3: Expression of VDR, CYP2R1, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 in the tissues of healthy C57BL/6 mice. Expression of proteins in the (A) kidney and (B) liver. N = 4–6 mice per group. Densitometric analysis was performed using ImageJ software. Results are normalized to β-actin and next to the control group (1000 IU). Data are presented as mean with standard deviation; individual data are also presented as yellow points. Tissue from 4–6 mice/group was analyzed. Statistical analysis: Sidak’s test for multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Anti-CYP2R1 antibody