Fig 2: FimH induces human peripheral blood DC (PBDC) activation.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with 5 μg per ml of FimH and 2 μg per ml of LPS for 24 h. a The distinctness of the PBDCs from the PBMCs is shown. The lineage markers included CD3, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD20, and CD56. b The expression levels of costimulatory molecules and MHC classes I and II in BDCA1+ (upper panel) and BDCA3+ DCs (lower panel) are shown. (n = 4 donors, one-way ANOVA, mean ± SEM). c Syngeneic CD4 T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production were measured after co-cultured with stimulated BDCA1+ DCs and T cells. d PBMCs were pre-treated with 20 μM MD2 inhibitors for 30 min and subsequently treated with FimH and LPS. The expression of costimulatory molecules and MHC class I and II in BDCA1+ (upper panel) and BDCA3+ DCs (lower panel) are shown. (n = 4 donors, one-way ANOVA, mean ± SEM).

Fig 3: Rv3628 induces human PBDC activation(A–C) PBMCs were treated with 10 μg/mL of Rv3628 or 100 ng/mL of LPS for 24 h. (A) The FACS gating of CD11c+ PBDCs after treatment. Additional lineage markers included CD3, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD20, and CD56. (B and C) The expression levels of co-stimulatory molecules and MHC classes I and II in BDCA1+ DCs (upper) and BDCA3+ DCs (lower) (n = 6 donors, one-way ANOVA, mean ± SEM or two-tailed p value, unpaired t test, mean ± SEM).