Fig 1: Immunization schedule for the subtype C HIV-1 envelope DNA (D) prime and protein boost (P) vaccine regimen. (A) Flow cytometric plots illustrating the expression of HIV Env, SIV Gag, and IP-10 by 293T cells transfected with DNA and DNAIP-10 plasmids. (B) Surface expression of HIV Env based on detection with a panel of monoclonal antibodies, as indicated. (C) IP-10 concentrations in supernatants of transfected 293T cells show the accumulation of IP-10 following transfection with DNAIP-10. (D) Immunization schedule. Two groups of 10 rhesus macaques each were immunized three times with DNA followed by two immunizations with protein. DNA was delivered intradermally, and 3 s later, electrical pulses were delivered around the injection site using the Ichor TriGrid array. Group 1 animals (n = 10) received the DNA plasmid expressing IP-10 and an ALFQ-adjuvanted C.ZA gp140 boost (DIP-10 PALFQ). Group 2 (n = 10) animals were immunized with DNA and boosted with ALFA-adjuvanted C.ZA gp140 protein (DPALFA). SQ, subcutaneous. (E) Induction of IP-10, I-TAC, IL-6, and RANTES in serum after the 1st protein immunization in both vaccine regimens. Significance was tested by a Mann-Whitney test (*, P < 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ns, not significant).